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Tax and benefits reform: can the coalition succeed?
The coalition has a real problem to overcome if it is to reform the tax and benefits system and combine them into a streamlined one-stop shop. The tax system is based on individuals with husbands and wives being taxed separately, while the benefits system is based on families.
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The coalition has a real problem to overcome if it is to reform the tax and benefits system and combine them into a streamlined one-stop shop. The tax system is based on individuals with husbands and wives being taxed separately, while the benefits system is based on families.
There are ideological issues at stake. When Conservative chancellor, Nigel Lawson, one of the great tax reforming ministers, introduced separate taxation of husbands and wives in 1988 he was responding to women’s desire for greater equality and control over their finances. Up until then women had to divulge any capital gains on investments to their husbands who were responsible for tax on it. This was much resented by both men and women.
Fairness for all?
The problems are highlighted by the recent announcement of withdrawal of Child Benefit to those parents where one partner is a higher rate taxpayer with income in excess of £44,000 a year. David Cameron has made much of ‘fairness’ in the cutbacks in benefits but higher income families can see no fairness in the fact that a couple with two earners – both earning up to the higher rate tax threshold with family income of up to £86,000 – will continue to receive Child Benefit while those on a single income of £45,000 a year will lose it. Clearly there is going to be a lot of juggling of incomes and investments to keep both partners below the cut off point.
‘There is little that can be done now as the changes are not effective until 2013 and we do not know as yet whether there will be any other alterations to take into account, for example, the potential for the introduction of a transferable personal allowance between husband and wife,’ says Chris Cole, senior partner at wealth advisers, Towry. ‘Having said that it is clear that on the current proposals the average family in this situation is going to lose £1,700 and therefore any way they can make this back would make sense.’
Avoid it if you can
Clearly it will pay families with incomes at the higher rate threshold to move investments to the lower income partner. This will reduce the overall tax bill - which is worth doing anyway - and will ensure that Child Benefit is retained. Child Benefit is currently paid to all parents at a rate of £20.30 a week for the first child and £13.40 a week for subsequent children so for a large family considerable sums are at stake.
But the problems are even more intransigent when it comes to reforming means tested benefits. The new universal benefit, announced by Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, Iain Duncan Smith, is designed to simplify the benefit system and improve work incentives.
At its core is the intention to ensure that nobody who can work is better off on benefits than taking a job. This means an overall cap on benefits of around £26,000 a year – roughly equivalent to the average wage. That would mean benefits would be restricted to £500 a week from 2013 and will probably affect 50,000 households, who would lose an average of £93 a week. The limit would not apply to people on disability living allowance, war widows' pensions and working tax credit.
The plan is to migrate recipients from the current benefits and tax credits systems onto the Universal Credit starting in 2013 and finishing in the next Parliament. Full details will be revealed in a White Paper expected with the Autumn Spending Review on 20th October.
Simpler system
The laudable aim of the reforms is ‘to improve work incentives through a combination of improved earnings disregards and/or lower benefit withdrawal rates and reduce in-work poverty.’ In other words families won’t lose all their benefits as soon as the breadwinner returns to work but it will be gradually phased out. The system will also be much simpler, making it easier for claimants to understand and cheaper to administer.
Interestingly, there is also to be a new Enterprise Allowance which will offer people who are out of work and entering self-employment a weekly payment linked to the value of their benefit for a period of up to six months. This could be a real winner.
Cameron has hinted that he might make personal tax allowances partly transferable between husband and wife as compensation for the loss of Child Benefit. Perhaps a fairer solution would to abolish Child Benefit entirely and increase child tax credits to lower income families. Or a combination of the two. Another obvious improvement would be a swift move to raise personal tax allowances or introduce a nil rate band so that those on low incomes are not penalised so heavily when they work.
But none of this will overcome the basic problem that the benefits system is based on family
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11 comments so far. Why not have your say?
Ivanhoe
Oct 07, 2010 at 14:00
The coalition as with New Labour, as under Margaret Thatcher, have and are successfully demonising the role of the state, including the welfare state, including the basic State pension.
What is happening now is nothing short of throwing crumbs to the thousands, and we are falling for it.
The powers that be are making the excuse that we are all living longer, , including old age pensioners, and this so-called factit is said is going to be hard for the so-called already hard pressed tax payer
I have a question for all who read this.
As a nation we plough trillions into State coffers that is sent round the world in many and various ways, and all under the name of "Great Britain".
So I ask, why cannot some of this "Gross National Product" be used to fund a decent State pension for everybody, and reduce the age for retirement to 55 or 60 for both men and woman ?
It seems to me that we are all listening to this garbage flowing from the media, so much so that we are all parroting it, and ide ask why ?
Deficit or no deficit, Britain remains a very wealthy, yet we have a rich and poor vdevide created as a matter of policy by Thatcher, and widened by Blair and Brown continuing her policies.
So, where is the common sense here ???????
Exactly what is wrong with the British in retirement getting value for their taxes and NI contributions, by receiving a decent State pension from the government when reaching retirement age ?
Why is the State in Britain being demonised ?
report thisSteve Taylor
Oct 07, 2010 at 14:07
I despair. The change to child benefit doesn't happen for three years, by which time other measures will have dealt with any inequity (although the real inequity is that those who don't need the money receive it today).
As for assertions that 'the average family in this situation is going to lose £1,700' is simply incorrect - when did the average family acquire someone earning more than £44,000?
What they are trying to do is both obvious and correct, so can we please stop wittering on about it.
report thisIan
Oct 07, 2010 at 14:11
Ivanhoe - you give the impression of being unaware that the vast sums paid to the state are still not enough to meet the demands made upon it. The money has run out and the UK is living beyond its means as never before. If we are going to have increased state pensions it will mean a further demand on the sums due from the state and the state's income does not provide for this. The only alternative is to hugely increase taxes which would leave us with less to spend and exacerbate the current difficulties we face. The state is the UK is chronically wasteful and I am not willing to pay any more towards it as much of what I do pay seems to be frittered away with very little to show for it.
report thisIvanhoe
Oct 07, 2010 at 14:46
Ian, Britain gives aid to around 60 countries world wide, maybe more.
The government have an NI "surplus" which stood in 2009 at £44.340 billion., this "surplus" is set to increase.
We also fight foreign wars. Plus we send £50-60 million a day to Europe.
And means testing pensioner for State handouts, is costing excessively more tax payers money that paying pensioners a decent State pension re-linked to national average wages.
Putting it blunty we are all letting ourselves be conned by the politicians and the media into believing what we want to believe since Thatcher decided there was no such thing as community and / or Society, just individuals thinking of number 1.
report thisPaul 2
Oct 07, 2010 at 16:00
Lorna Bourke is showing her youthful age. Before 1988 all men and all unmarried women had to complete a full tax return.
Married men were liable for all their wife's tax that had not already collected through PAYE, not just the wife's capital gains. This would have included the wife's self employed earnings and the higher rate tax that became due as a result of adding the two incomes together.
A husband was required to declare all details of his wife's income, not just her capital gains.
All this provided a powerful tax incentive for divorce when both husband and wife were earning. Some divorces were disputed by the Inland Revenue on the grounds that.... (well, you can guess).
Personally, I saw the fairness of separate taxation as a marriage and family issue, not as a gender issue that was exclusive to one but not the other. I don't know what Nigel Lawson was thinking, of course, so wouldn't know if he was responding in the way that LB describes.
report thisGraham Barlow
Oct 07, 2010 at 18:11
The case last week demonstrates the chaotic state and farcical ,ill drawn legislation in Britain to-day. The multi millionaire who arranged his income to qualify for tax credits whilst all his other income was constructed of capital redistribution, and therefore not income. In his divorce settlement his ex wife could not get an increase for child allowance or an increase to maintain her life style which appeared fairly low. If you are on Tax credits you are deemed to be on benefits and cannot be forced to up your divorce payments. Neat isnt it? The more laws there are the more ways around them will be found. The first law of taxation.
report thisAnonymous 1 needed this 'off the record'
Oct 07, 2010 at 18:20
corruption
report thisGraham Barlow
Oct 07, 2010 at 18:31
Lorna in the 1980s I had to include my wife's earnings on my tax return which were fees for work done. I then had tax deducted under the PAYE scheme through an adjusted code no. When she neared 60 I then had to pay voluntarily her NI going back years ,otherwise her state pension would have been 15 pence per week. It is relentless the demands of the state to the point where revenue is now seriously haemorraging. 1 in 4 Hedge funds have left. The potential revenue is already down by £500 mil. this year by business and people moving out. If they destroy the business model for UK Banks HSBC and Standard and Chartered could relocate. I would guess that all the big Cos, in Britain are currently examining the position. The Politicians have to be rigously CAREFUL.
report thisIvanhoe
Oct 07, 2010 at 18:55
//////The money has run out and the UK is living beyond its means as never before//////
Ian, believe what you like, but if this was as you and the government say it is then we should stop spending money around the world like it's going out of fashion.
Please please do not tell me that Britiain is broke, this is utter bull.
report thisRob Morrison
Oct 07, 2010 at 22:01
UK Ltd has to bring it's spending under control. I'm for supporting the Government, providing it is honest with the people, with no preaching or platitudes.
report thisIvanhoe
Oct 08, 2010 at 14:00
If we want to sort our spending out, get rid of Trident, stop funding foreign wars, stop upholding third world country's who have billionaire tyrants, stop sending £50 million a day to Europe.
Of course wont wont do this, we will just keep hitting the poor, it's what the Tories have always been best at starting with Thatcher.
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